Harvard Style of Citing and Referencing

Academic Skills in the Library

Citing & Referencing

Harvard Style of Citing and Referencing

Harvard is a very popular citing and referencing style used in many disciplines including some of the sciences, social sciences, and business. Unlike many of the other styles there is no one authority who manage the Harvard style and this has led to many different versions of Harvard being developed, which can be confusing. Harvard (UL) is a locally popular version of Harvard used by many disciplines in the University of Galway. Check with your instructor regarding the specific requirements for your work and remember to be consistent with your formatting throughout your document.

A comprehensive guide to the Harvard (UL) style is available, click on the image or the accompanying link to access this.

Click here to access Guide to Harvard (UL)

Note that the Harvard style presented in Cite Them Right (Pears and Shields 2022) which was mentioned earlier is not Harvard (UL); there are some subtle differences, as are there between all versions of Harvard. If you are asked to use Harvard (UL) then use the guide above as your first point of reference. However, Cite Them Right provides guidelines for an extensive range of sources so if you need to cite a source that is not covered in the Harvard (UL) guide then check Cite Them Right (Pears and Shields) to learn the principals of how to cite such a source, and apply any style nuances according to the Harvard UL guidelines.

Click on the below for examples of Harvard (UL) citing and referencing applied to a variety of sources.

Book

Please refer to pages 15 to 21 of the Guide to Harvard (UL) for further examples and guidance on citing and referencing books using this style.

Book with one author:

In-text citation: (Buckroyd 1996)

Reference list entry:
Buckroyd, J. (1996) Eating your heart out: understanding and overcoming eating disorders, 2nd ed., London: Vermilion.

Book with two authors:

In-text citation: (Mankiw and Taylor 2023)

Reference list entry:
Mankiw, N.G. and Taylor, M.P. (2023) Economics, 6th ed., Andover: Cengage.

Book with more than two authors:

In-text citation: (Schuur et al. 2016)

Reference list entry:
Schuur, E.A.G., Druffel, E.M. and Trumbore, S.E. (2016) Radiocarbon and climate change : mechanisms, applications and laboratory techniques, Switzerland: Springer.

Journal Article

Please refer to pages 12 and 13 of the Guide to Harvard (UL) for further examples and guidance on citing and referencing journal articles using this style.

Journal article with one author:

In-text citation: (Lyons 2009)

Reference list entry:
Lyons, J.R. (2009) ‘Atmospherically-derived mass-independent sulfur isotope signatures, and incorporation into sediments’, Chemical Geology, 267(3), 164-174, available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.027.

Journal article with two authors:

In-text citation: (Ashenfelter and Storchmann 2010)

Reference list entry:
Ashenfelter, O. and Storchmann, K. (2010) ‘Using hedonic models of solar radiation and weather to assess the economic effect of climate change: the case of mosel valley vineyards’, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(2), 333-349, available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest.2010.11377.

Journal article with more than two authors:

In-text citation: (Scarcella et al. 2021)

Reference list entry:
Scarcella, I., Michelazzo, L. and McCabe, P. (2021) ‘A pilot single-case experimental design study of rapid syllable transition treatment for Italian children with childhood apraxia of speech’, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30, 1496-1510, available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00133.

Website

Please refer to pages 28 and 29 of the Guide to Harvard (UL) for further examples and guidance on citing and referencing websites using this style.

In-text citation: (Kingspan 2023)

Reference list entry:
Kingspan (2023) Research reveals stagnation of retrofit rates, available: https://www.kingspangroup.com/en/news-insights/global-retrofit-index-2023/ [accessed 17 May 2024].

Report

Please refer to pages 43 and 44 of the Guide to Harvard (UL) for further examples and guidance on citing and referencing reports using this style.

In-text citation: (National Parks & Wildlife Service and Vincent Wildlife Trust 2022)

Reference list entry:
National Parks & Wildlife Service and Vincent Wildlife Trust (2022) Lesser horseshoe bat species action plan 2022-2026, Dublin: National Parks and Wildlife Service, available: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/Lesser%20Horseshoe%20Bat%20Species%20Action%20Plan%202022-2026.pdf [accessed 17 May 2024].

Social Media

Please refer to pages 26 and 27 of the Guide to Harvard (UL) for further examples and guidance on citing and referencing social media posts using this style.

In-text citation: (Chester Beatty 2024)

Reference list entry:
Chester Beatty (@CBL_Dublin) (2024) Join us this summer to view one of our most exquisite medieval books! Exhibition opens 24 May. https://rb.gy/gkzydv #lovedublin #summerindublin #keepdiscovering #MedievalManuscripts #FillYourHeartWithIreland [X], 15 May 15:35, available: https://x.com/CBL_Dublin/status/1790752845882384891 [accessed 17 May 2024].

Blog Post

Please refer to page 26 of the Guide to Harvard (UL) for further examples and guidance on citing and referencing blog posts using this style.

In-text citation: (Bishop 2012)

Reference list entry:
Bishop, D. (2012) ‘How to bury your academic writing’, BishopBlog, 26 Aug, available: http://deevybee.blogspot.com/2012/08/how-to-bury-your-academic-writing.html [accessed 17 May 2024].

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